This can be achieved only by a combination of tissue culture and genetic engineering; none of the conventional breeding approaches can ever produce such a plant. The term tissue culture is commonly used in a very wide sense to include in vitro culture of plant cells, tissues as well as organs. But in a strict sense, tissue culture denotes the in vitro cultivation of plant cells in an unorganized mass, e.g., callus cultures. Another term, cell culture is used for in vitro culture of single or relatively small groups of plant cells, e.g., suspension cultures. But, in general, the term tissue culture is applied to both callus and suspension cultures, and cell culture is often used for callus culture as well. When organized structures like root tips, shoot tips, embryos, etc. are cultured in vitro to obtain their development as organized structures, it is called organ culture. In this book, plant tissue culture is used in its broad sense to denote aseptic in vitro culture of plant cells. tissues and organs. Thank You,
Biotechnology is "the integrated use of of biochemistry, microbiology And engineering science in order to achieve technological application of the capabilities of micro-organisms, cultured tissue/cells and parts thereof." Biotechnology consists of "the controlled use of biological agents, Such as, micro-organisms or cellular components, for beneficial use."
Saturday 17 October 2020
Plant Tissue Culture
This can be achieved only by a combination of tissue culture and genetic engineering; none of the conventional breeding approaches can ever produce such a plant. The term tissue culture is commonly used in a very wide sense to include in vitro culture of plant cells, tissues as well as organs. But in a strict sense, tissue culture denotes the in vitro cultivation of plant cells in an unorganized mass, e.g., callus cultures. Another term, cell culture is used for in vitro culture of single or relatively small groups of plant cells, e.g., suspension cultures. But, in general, the term tissue culture is applied to both callus and suspension cultures, and cell culture is often used for callus culture as well. When organized structures like root tips, shoot tips, embryos, etc. are cultured in vitro to obtain their development as organized structures, it is called organ culture. In this book, plant tissue culture is used in its broad sense to denote aseptic in vitro culture of plant cells. tissues and organs. Thank You,
Top Book downloading Website
Saturday 12 September 2020
Types of Cancer
Cancer is not bone single disease but a complex of many disease. About two hundred distinct types of cancer have been recognized.
These can be grouped into four main types:-
1.Carcinomas
2.Sarcomas
3.Lymphomas
4. Leukemia
1. Carcinomas:- Carcinomas are tumours made up principally of epithelial cells of ectodermal of endodermal origin. The solid tumours nerve tissue and in tissues of body surfaces, or their attached glands, are examples of carcinomas. These include cervical, breast, skin, and brain carcinomas. About 85 percent of cancer are carcinomas.
2. Sarcomas:- Sarcomas are tumours made up principally of connective tissue cells, Which are of mesodermal origin. They are solid tumours growing from connective tissue. Cartilage bone and muscle. Although they account for most cancer studied in laboratory animals, they constitute only about 2 present human Cancer.
3. Lymphomas:- Lymphomas are Cancers in which there is excessive production of lymphocytes by the lymph nodes and spleen Hodgkin's disease is an example of a lymphoma. Lymphoma Constitute about 5 present of human Cancers.
4. Leukemia:- Leukemia are neoplastic growths of leucocytes (W.B.C) and are characterized by excessive production of the cells. They constitute about 4 present of human cancer.Cancer cells
RNA VIRUSES AND DNA VIRUSES NAME AND STRANDS
- Keovirus RNA(2)
- Wound Tumour Virus RNA(2)
- Rice Dwarf Virus RNA(2)
- Tobacco Mosaic Virus(TMV) RNA(1)
- Influenza Virus RNA(1)
- Polimomyelitis Virus RNA(1)
- Bacteriophage MS-2 RNA(1)
- Bacterial Virus F2 RNA(1)
- Coliphage R12 RNA(1)
- Avian Leukemia Virus RNA(1)
- Pox Viruses DNA(2)
- Coliphages T2, T4, T6, DNA(2)
- Coliphages T3, T7, DNA(2)
- Coliphages Lambda () DNA(2)
- Herpesviruses DNA(2)
- Adenoviruses DNA(2)
- Papilloma Viruses DNA(2)
- Bacteriophage Phix174 DNA(1)
- M13 DNA(1)
- Polyoma Virus SV 40 DNA(2)
Friday 11 September 2020
Properties of A Good Vector
A good vector must have the following properties:-
- The vector should be easy to isolate and purify.
- It should be easily introduced into the host cells,transformation of the host with the vector should be easy.
- The vector should have suitable marker genes that allow easy detection and selection of the transformed host cells.
- When the object is gene transfer, it should have the ability to integrate either itself the DNA insert it carries into the genome of the host cell.
- It should be able to replicate autonomously.
- A vector should be ideally less than 10 kb in size because larger DNA molecules are broken during purification procedure.
- When expression of the DNA insert is desired, the vector should contain at least suitable control elements. e.g., promoter, operator and ribosome binding sites; several other features may be also important.
- A vector should contain unique target sites for as may restriction enzyme as possible into which the DNA insert can be integrated without disrupting an essential function.
- The cells transformed with such vector molecules that contain the DNA insert should be identifiable or selectable from those transformed by the DNA molecules only.
Wednesday 9 September 2020
Watson And crick Model of DNA or B-DNA
Watson and Crick presented a model to elucidate the molecular structure of DNA. Which is called DNA model. For this work, Watson and Crick were awarded the Nobel prize in 1962.
Key features of DNA model are as follows:-
- Each section of DNA consists of two stands that wrap around each other form the double coil structure.
- Each DNA has two chain of polynucleotides. Which is unbranched.
- DNA has two polynucleotide chain Anti parallel. Hence, 3' of one series is near 5' of another series. Third Carbon independent of sugars at one end of polynucleotide series, Who says this 3' prime end. Fifth carbon Independent of sugar at second strand, Who says this 5' prime.
- Both polynucleotides chain are linked By hydrogen Bond.
- Nucleotides makes polynucleotides chain.(because Nucleotides are linked with Phosphodiester bond.)
- Nucleotides as step-wise arrange. The two are arranged between the series.
- Paring of Adenine to Thymine and pairing of Guanine to cytosine. Always Both are linked with Hydrogen bond.
- In the DNA of each organism or caste. Nucleotides have certain sequence.
- A=T/G≡C and A=T/G≡C ratio each organism established.
- Both polynucleotides chain of DNA chain made of a helix is 34Ã… in length.
- A total of 10 Nucleotides found in a complete helix, Distance between two Nucleotides is 3.4Ã….
- Diameter of every DNA coiled 20Ã….
- Both chain of DNA complement each other.If the sequence of bases one of its series is a A,G,A,T,G,C, then the order of bases in the second chain is T,C,T,A,C,G .
- Two DNA sequences in each DNA chain(external grooves) which are called major grooves, respectively (major grooves) and minor grooves the major grooves is wide and deep.
Tuesday 8 September 2020
Why we want to speak English.
Thursday 28 May 2020
All book and Notes of B.Sc Biotechnology Course.(all books Pdf.)
Wednesday 27 May 2020
What is Technology
Online shopping & social media |
Movie making & Online marketing |
Study & software making |
Technology uses in Medical And science :- There are many machine uses in medical science For Improve health of patient. And some machine uses in production of medicine and check their quality. And more. Technology are uses in medical science.
Microscope And know more about technology on this website:-https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technology OK, we shall meet again with new topic. Stay Home, Stay safe, Thanks for reading.................... |
Tuesday 26 May 2020
Value of Time Essay Writing. 300 words, And how to save our time.............
Life teaches as
to make good
use of Time
teaches use the
Value of Time.............
Monday 25 May 2020
Health is Wealth Essay Writing.
How to write a letter to your friend in English. In shortcut,
Sunday 24 May 2020
How to write a letter to your parents in English. In Easy way
Class:-......................................,
Add.:-........................................,
To,
Name:-.......................,
Add.:-.........................,
Pin code:-....................,
State, Dist. P.S, P.O:-...............,
Area:-.............................,
B Cell development maturation selection immunology
Index Introduction History Overview of normal human haematopoiesis Properties of B Cell Types...
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Synopsis:- Introduction Composition of elements in living system Biogenic elements Water and Mineral substances Organic Matters Conclusion R...
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Content Introduction History Principle of PCR Stages of PCR PCR techniques PCR Requirements Steps of PCR General guidelines for Prim...